How To Degree A Cam Without A Degree Wheel

How to Degree a Cam Without a Degree Wheel

Knowing how to degree a cam is a crucial skill for anyone serious about engine performance tuning. While a degree wheel is the traditional method, it's not always accessible or affordable. This guide will show you how to accurately degree a camshaft without one, utilizing readily available tools and a bit of clever measuring.

Understanding Cam Timing

Before we dive into the process, let's quickly recap why cam timing is so important. The camshaft controls the opening and closing of the valves in your engine. Precise timing ensures optimal valve overlap, improving efficiency and power. Improper timing can lead to reduced performance, poor fuel economy, and even engine damage.

Key Terminology:

• Intake Cam: Controls the intake valves, allowing air/fuel mixture into the cylinders.
• Exhaust Cam: Controls the exhaust valves, expelling burnt gases from the cylinders.
• Lobe Center: The highest point on a cam lobe.
• Intake Centerline: The center of the intake lobe's lift.
• Exhaust Centerline: The center of the exhaust lobe's lift.
• Advertised Duration: The duration of the lobe's lift, usually measured at 0.050" lift.

Methods for Degreeing a Cam Without a Degree Wheel

There are a few reliable methods you can use to degree your cam without relying on a traditional degree wheel. These methods utilize readily available tools and a bit of ingenuity.

Method 1: Using a Dial Indicator and Piston Stop

This method utilizes a dial indicator to measure piston position relative to crankshaft rotation. This will provide data to allow you to mark the timing marks accurately.

Materials Needed:

• Dial Indicator: A dial indicator with a magnetic base is highly recommended for accurate measurements.
• Piston Stop: A device that stops the piston at Top Dead Center (TDC) to provide a consistent reference point.
• Drill and Bit: This is for drilling a small hole into the crankshaft pulley for the timing mark.
• Permanent Marker: Use a permanent marker for accurate markings.
• Appropriate Wrenches: You will need wrenches for the camshaft and crankshaft.
• Accurate Measurement Tools: For instance, a measuring tape.

Procedure:

1. Install the camshaft: Install the camshaft and lifters as usual, but do not fully tighten the bolts.
2. Position the Piston: Rotate the crankshaft using a wrench until the piston is at TDC on the compression stroke. Use the piston stop to confirm the position.
3. Mark the Crankshaft: Create your timing mark. This can be done either with a permanent marker on the harmonic balancer or by drilling a small hole.
4. Install and Zero the Dial Indicator: Install the dial indicator on the piston or a rod that accurately reflects piston movement. Zero the dial indicator.
5. Rotate Crankshaft: Slowly rotate the crankshaft, measuring the piston's movement. Use your chosen measurement tools. Note the point where the crankshaft is at the desired camshaft degree mark. Note this measurement.
6. Repeat for other Valves: Repeat steps 4 and 5 for other valves to ensure proper timing.
7. Adjust and Repeat: If needed, adjust the camshaft and repeat the process to fine-tune the timing.

Important Note: Precision is paramount! Small errors in measurement can significantly affect cam timing. Double-check your measurements and follow the steps carefully.

Method 2: Utilizing Engine Timing Marks and Mathematical Calculations (Advanced)

This method requires a strong understanding of engine mechanics and geometry. This is the more complex method and is for experienced engine builders.

This involves carefully measuring the circumference of the crankshaft pulley and calculating the degree difference for each increment of pulley rotation. This information can then be correlated to the factory timing marks.

Important Note: This method requires a deep understanding of engine mechanics and should only be attempted by those with extensive experience in engine building and tuning. An incorrect calculation can damage your engine.

Conclusion

Degreeing a camshaft is a crucial step in engine building and tuning. While a degree wheel simplifies the process, these alternative methods provide accurate results with readily available tools and careful attention to detail. Remember safety first and always double check your work. If you are unsure, consult a professional.